Qin Er Shi

Qin Er Shi
Qin Er Shi
Chinese	秦二世
Literal meaning	Qin second generation
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Qín Èrshì
IPA	[tɕʰǐn âɚ.ʂî]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	Chèuhn Yihsai
Huhai
Chinese	胡亥
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Hú Hài
IPA	[xǔ xâɪ]
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)	*Ga-gə′

Full name
	Family name: Ying (嬴); Given name: Huhai (胡亥);
Regnal name
	Er Shi Huangdi (二世皇帝)

Qin Er Shi
秦二世
Qin Er Shi; 秦二世
Emperor of the Qin dynasty
Reign	210 – October 207 BC
Predecessor	Qin Shi Huang
Successor	Ziying (as king of Qin);
Born	230/222 BC
Died	October 207 BC (aged 21–22)
Full name
Full name
	Family name: Ying (嬴); Given name: Huhai (胡亥);
Regnal name
	Er Shi Huangdi (二世皇帝)
Dynasty	Qin
Father	Qin Shi Huang

Qin Er Shi (230/222 – 207 BC^[2]), given name Ying Huhai, was the second emperor of the Qin dynasty from 210 to 207 BC. The son of Qin Shi Huang, he was put on the throne by Li Si and Zhao Gao, circumventing his brother Fusu, who had been the designated heir. Upon Ying's ascension, both Fusu and the popular general Meng Tian were killed on the orders of Li and Zhao, with Qin Er Shi's role in the assassinations remaining uncertain and controversial. A weak ruler, Qin Er Shi's reign was completely dominated by Zhao Gao, who eventually forced him to commit suicide.^[3]^[4] By the time of his death, the Qin Empire's power had lessened so much that his successor Ziying ruled as a king, not emperor.^[5]

^ Loewe 2000, p. 652.
^ Vol.8 of Zizhi Tongjian indicate that Zhao Gao intended to make Ziying of Qin emperor in the 9th month of the 3rd year of Huhai's reign. The month corresponds to 16 Oct to 13 Nov 207 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar. Since Huhai committed suicide just before this event, his death date should be in c. October 207 BCE.
^ Loewe 2004, p. 575.
^ Loewe 2000, pp. 652–653.
^ Xiong & Hammond 2019, p. 23.

[FOOTNOTELoewe2000652-1] Loewe 2000, p. 652.

[2] Vol.8 of Zizhi Tongjian indicate that Zhao Gao intended to make Ziying of Qin emperor in the 9th month of the 3rd year of Huhai's reign. The month corresponds to 16 Oct to 13 Nov 207 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar. Since Huhai committed suicide just before this event, his death date should be in c. October 207 BCE.

[FOOTNOTELoewe2004575-3] Loewe 2004, p. 575.

[FOOTNOTELoewe2000652–653-4] Loewe 2000, pp. 652–653.

[FOOTNOTEXiongHammond201923-5] Xiong & Hammond 2019, p. 23.

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